The school
The record
The same check, in the order things happened. Each mark is a course and a document. The documents are the record. They are not instructions, and they are not a list of what to buy.
-
The paper
A writer using the name Satoshi Nakamoto published Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. It describes a public list of transfers, not a company and not a customer account.
-
A bailout headline in the first block
The first bitcoin block carries a line from that day's Times: the Chancellor on the brink of a second bailout for the banks. The line is a timestamp and a motive. It is not a legal claim.
-
184 billion bitcoin, for a moment
A bug created about 184 billion bitcoin in one transaction. Developers patched the software and the network abandoned the bad chain. After that, a quiet edit became much harder. There is still no help desk.
-
Mt. Gox goes dark
The Tokyo exchange, for a time where a large share of bitcoin trading happened, went offline. Customers had seen balances. The coins were not in keys they held. A displayed balance was a claim on a firm.
-
The DAO is drained
A program holding a large share of all ether was called in an order its authors had not intended. About 3.6 million ether moved. The chain recorded the loss. Consensus had worked.
-
Two histories
A hard fork moved the drained ether back for the majority, who kept the name Ethereum. A minority kept the old history and became Ethereum Classic. The chain cannot be edited only inside the rules a living crowd agrees to run.
Ethereum and smart contracts · Ethereum Foundation: hard fork completed
-
Two bitcoins
Bitcoin split. One side kept the rules. The other raised the block size and called itself Bitcoin Cash. A fork is a rule change with a marketing department. It is not a dividend.
-
BitConnect closes
A lending program had advertised returns that compounded daily, and paid people to recruit. The site shut. US prosecutors later described it as a Ponzi scheme. The chart was the costume.
-
The blue checks ask for bitcoin
Attackers posted a bitcoin address from the accounts of public figures and promised to send back double. People sent coins. The badge was real. The payment was not reversible.
-
A list of wallet owners
Ledger said an attacker had reached its customer database: email addresses, and for many people a name, address, and phone number. The keys were not in the leak. The phishing that followed knew who owned a wallet.
Hardware wallets and cold storage · Ledger on the 2020 breach
-
Squid Game: the sell did not work
A token using the name of a Netflix series rose and then collapsed. Buyers could get in. Sellers could not get out in time. The series' owners had nothing to do with it.
-
Wormhole, refilled by a firm
A bridge between Solana and Ethereum lost more than 320 million dollars of tokens. Reuters reported that Jump replaced the funds the next day. The chain did not. A firm did, and a firm can choose not to.
-
Ronin: five keys were enough
The bridge used by Axie Infinity was drained of ether and USDC, reported at about 625 million dollars. The lock was a small set of keys. The US Treasury later tied the theft to the Lazarus Group. This line does not say how the keys were taken.
-
A valid vote
Beanstalk lost about 182 million dollars after a proposal passed and the treasury moved. The Verge reported borrowed votes. The vote followed the published rules. This line does not say how the borrowing was arranged.
-
The peg meets a queue
TerraUSD, which claimed to stay near a dollar, broke. The SEC later said the collapse wiped out about 40 billion dollars of market value, and that an earlier slip had been quietly repaired. A yield near 20 percent had been the reason to hold a large amount.
-
Celsius stops withdrawals
The app still showed a balance. The firm had been lending and trading with customer coins. In July it filed for bankruptcy. Customers who thought they had an account were in a line with other creditors.
-
A price the contract believed
The CFTC charged a trader with taking more than 110 million dollars from Mango Markets by moving a price the protocol used. The course names the loss. It does not describe the trades.
-
FTX
Customers could not withdraw. The SEC charged the founder with diverting customer assets to his trading firm. The screen had shown balances. He was later convicted of fraud.
-
A dollar, except for a weekend
Circle said 3.3 billion dollars of USDC reserves, about 8 percent, sat at Silicon Valley Bank, which had failed. The token traded below a dollar until depositors were to be made whole. A claim on a bank is not cash in your hand.
-
A brokerage product, still a firm
The SEC allowed US exchanges to list spot bitcoin products. The chair's statement said the approval was not an endorsement of bitcoin. A share in a fund is not a key. The broker can halt. The fund can close.